pulse code modulation-MATLAB.docVIP

Abstract: Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a digital representation of an analog signal where the magnitude of the signal is sampled regularly at uniform intervals, then quantized to a series of symbols in a digital (usually binary) code. PCM has been used in digital telephone systems and is also the standard form for digital audio in computers and the compact disc red book format. It is also standard in digital video, for example, using ITU-R BT.601. However, straight PCM is not typically used for video in consumer applications such as DVD or DVR because it requires too high a bit rate. Very frequently, PCM encoding facilitates digital transmission from one point to another (within a given system, or geographically) in serial form. Introduction: The stream of pulses and non-pulse streams of 1’s and 0’s are not easily affected by interference and noise. Even in the presence of noise, the presence or absence of a pulse can be easily determined. Since PCM is digital, a more general reason would be that digital signals are easy to process by cheap standard techniques. This makes it easier to implement complicated communication systems such as telephone networks (covered later in this course). The practical implementation of PCM makes use of other processes. The processes are carried out in the order in which they appear below: Filtering Sampling Quantizing Encoding The filtering stage removes frequencies above the highest signal frequency. These frequencies if not removed, may cause problems when the signal is going through the stage of sampling. Sampling of a waveform means determining instantaneous amplitudes of a signal at fixed intervals. Functions: FOPEN: FOPEN Open file. FID = FOPEN(FILENAME) opens the file FILENAME for read access. (On PC systems, fopen opens files for binary read access.) FILENAME can be a MATLABPATH relative partial pathname. If the file is opened for reading and it is n