专业英语复习内容.docVIP

专业英语复习内容 1. Which 从句 The atoms of all elements, which at one time were thought to be the fundamental particles of nature, consist of numbers of three more fundamental particles-protons, neutrons and electrons. 曾经被认为是自然界中基础粒子的原子是由多个更基础的粒子组成－质子、中子和电子。 The force of electrostatic repulsion 静电斥力 between like charges, which varies inversely as the square of their separation, would be expected to be so large that nuclei could not be formed. 在相同的电荷之间的静电斥力与它们之间的距离成反比，这个力如此之大以至于原子核无法形成。 Different isotopes of an element behave identically as far as their chemistry is concerned, which is not surprising as chemical bonds exist between electrons. (非限定性定语从句) 仅考虑化学性质，一个元素的不同同位素都有相同的性质，这一点并不奇怪，因为化学键仅存在于电子之间。 Isotopes differ from one another physically in that the masses and other characteristics of their nuclei are different, which is to be expected as it is in the nuclei that the difference between two isotopes lies. (非限定性，修饰前面的句子) 同位素之间的物理特性是不同的，由于两个同位素的差别是在原子核内，因此可以预计到它们的原子核的质量和其它特性都会有差别。 The total new mass produced is twice the mass-energy of the electron, 2(0.51)=1.02MeV, which means that the reaction can occur only if the gamma ray has at least this amount of energy. (非限定性) 所产生的总的新质量是两倍电子的质能2(0.51)=1.02MeV，这意味着仅当伽马射线最少具有这个能量时这个反应才可能发生。 The reactor vessel is located within a deep pit, which can be flooded when the reactor is shutdown. 反应堆容器被放置在一个深坑中，这个坑在反应堆停堆后可以被水淹没。 2. 介词+which，如in which等 The atom consists of nucleus in which all the positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons are closely grouped together, and a number of negatively charged electrons moving in orbital paths around the nucleus. 原子包含一个原子核，其中带正电的质子和不带电的中子紧密聚集在一起，一定数量带负电的电子沿着轨道绕核运动。 The explanation is to be found in the principle of the equivalence of mass and energy in which (修饰principle) Einstein stated that mass and energy are different forms of the same fundamental quantity. 从质量和能量的等效原理中可以找到解释，在这一原理中，爱因斯坦证明了质量和能量时同一基本量的两个不同形式。 Consequently alpha particles have a short and well-defined range in m