冷冻干燥法.pptVIP

原理 冷凍真空乾燥是一種連續性的製程，在此製程中樣品內的水份先被凍結至一適當低溫後，再於一高度真空的空間中，在低溫度、低壓力之環境條件下，利用昇華原理，樣品內的水份將直接由固體（冰）不經液體狀態而變為氣體後再被排除，達到乾燥之作用。 * * -----2008.9.23 Shu-fong Huang 冷凍乾燥法 Drying、Dehydration: a process where the solvent in the sample, in our case water, is physically removed from the sample, such that the solids are obtained in an essentially dry ( water-free) condition. Table. Examples of Drying processes I, Macrowave Drying L Critical Point Drying I, Fluidized Bed Drying I, Tunnel Drying I, Microwave drying I, Belt Drying I, Flash Drying I,L Cabinet Drying I,L Vacuum drying I, Drum Drying I,L Spray Drying I,L Freeze Drying I:primary industrial scale; L: primary laboratory scale 實驗室常用者: air drying、oven drying、 freeze drying 定義：在不改變生物體本身的生化結構及活性 下，去除其中之水分，而乾燥之。 冷凍乾燥 (Freeze drying、lyophilization) 優點：低溫下一切反應停止，乾燥過程中水分子直接昇華(sublimation)，樣品結構保持完整。 *傳統乾燥法--- 導致物質皺曲、細胞破壞 *冷凍乾燥法--- 利用水分昇華的方式，將生物 體中的水分由結冰狀態直接氣而乾燥，對其 物化性將不會改變。 Why need freeze drying? --Preparation of tissue specimens suitable for structure (histological) studies using various microscopic techniques, including electron --Sample preparation as a step in chemical/ biochemical analysis procedures --Long-term storage stability of materials, such as foods, microbial cells, enzymes for assay kits, blood, etc. --Recovery of products from a reception mixture in an easily handled (dry) form. 冷凍乾燥可做生物體長時間的穩定保存, 在化學分析上具有濃縮作用,可提高分析的靈敏度 冷凍乾燥的流程: 預先冷凍 (pre-freezing): 將樣品先凍結以備 昇華之用。 b. 初步乾燥 (primary drying): 冰不融化直接 昇華脫離。 c. 二次乾燥 (secondary drying): 將結合在固態 物體上殘餘之水氣，再度使 其成氣態脫離。 Eutetic form 共融狀態– liquid phase suddenly solidified at a temp. Glass forming 黏稠狀態—liquid phase doesn’t solidify ? viscous liquid Freezing to very low temp– 預冷步驟 2.初步乾燥 (primary drying) →兩個變數是溫度與壓力，樣品之溫度比冷凝器高，分子移動會