volatile oil.pptVIP

Essential oil(volatile oil) ⅡThe constitution of essential oils 1. terpenoids monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and their oxygen-containing derivatives. 2. aromatic compounds 3. aliphatic compounds CH3－（CH2）7－CH2OH 正壬醇 4. other compounds CH2=CH-CH2-N=C=S 异硫氰酸烯丙酯 Ⅲ properties 1. Description colorless or yellowish transparent liquid at room temperature, strong specific odour. 2. volatility volatile at room temperature, no trace. 3. solubility essential oil can’t dissolve in H2O, easily dissolve in organic solvent, p.e. , Et2O, CS2, can dissolve in high concentration EtOH completely, dissolve in low concentration EtOH partly. 4. physical constant relative density:0.85-1.065 optical activity: specific rotation(比旋度）: +97°~117 °. Refractive index（折光率）:1.43~1.61 Boiling point:70℃~300℃. 5. stability contacting with air or light lead to oxidation and degeneracy, so the volatile oils should be stored in brown bottle airtightly and in low temperature. Ⅳ Extraction and isolation 1. Extraction 1.1 steam distillation 1.2 extraction with solvents organic solvents with low boiling point, too much lipophillic impurities. 1.3 absorption expensive oil. 1.4 extraction by crushing 1.5 SFE-CO2 2. Isolation 2.1 freezing The rules of boiling point： 1.The number of carbon atom：the more→the higher 2.The number of double bond ： the more → the higher 3.The number of oxygen atom： the more → the higher 4.functional group：the more polar → the higher －COOH R-OH R-CO-R ~ R-CHO R-O-R 2.3 chemical method (1) basic compounds：extract with 1% H2SO4 or HCl (2) acid compounds：extract with NaHCO3, NaOH (3) R-OH (4)Compounds with C=O： NaHSO3 or Girard reagents 四、挥发油成分的分离 ㈢化学方法 四、挥发油成分的分离 ㈢化学方法 2.4 chromatography AgNO3 silica gel or AgNO3 Al2O3 2-25% AgNO3 factors affecting the complex: (1)?? the numbers of double bond (2)?? cis trans (3) terminal double bond other sites Ⅴ identification of essential oil 1.?Determination of physical cons