土木工程专业英语考试秘笈1.docVIP

Carry-over factor 传递系数； compatibility 相容性；conservation of energy 能量守恒；Distribution factor分配系数；fixed end moment固端弯矩；flexibility coefficient柔度系数；Moment distribution method弯矩分配法；principle of superposition 叠加原理；principle of virtual work 虚功原理； statically determinate 静定的；statically indeterminate超静定的；support reaction 支座反力；theorem of reciprocal displacement位移互等定理 unit 9friction coefficient 摩擦系数 modulus of rupture 断裂模量，抗折强度 percentage of steel 配筋率unit 10hooke’s law 胡克定律；fracture toughness 断裂韧性；elastic instability弹性失稳； ultimate moment 极限弯矩；tensile flange 受拉翼缘；elastic moduli 弹性模量；elastic strain 弹性应变；plastic strain 塑性应变；yield stress 屈服应力；strain hardening 应变硬化In the real sense an exact analysis of a structure can never be carried out since estimates always have to be made of the loadings and the strength of the materials composing the structure. Furthermore, points of application for the loadings must also be estimated. It is important, therefore, that the structural engineers develop the ability to model or idealize a structure so that he or she can perform a practical force analysis of the members。真正意义上对一个结构准确的分析是永远也不可能进行的，因为总是不得不估计荷载和构成结构的材料的强度。而且，必须估计荷载的作用点。因此，结构工程师有能力模拟一个结构或使其理想化很重要，这样，他或她能对构件进行实际的力的分析。In particular, if a structure is statically indeterminate, the additional equations needed to solve for the unknown reactions are obtained by relating the applied loads and reactions to the displacement or slope at different points on the structure. These equations, which are referred to as compatibility equations, must be equal in number to the degree of indeterminacy of the structure. Compatibility equations involve the geometric and physical properties of the structure。 特别地，如果一个结构是超静定的，可以通过建立作用力和反力与结构不同点上的位移或转角的关系来得到用以求解未知反力所需的附加方程。这些称为相容性方程的方程式在数量上必须等于结构的不确定次数。相容性方程涉及结构的几何和物理性能。Influence lines have important application for the design of structures that resist large live loads . An influence line represents the variation of either the reaction, shear, moment,