石油工程专业英语翻译.docVIP

Petroleum engineering is a field of HYPERLINK /wiki/Engineering \o Engineering engineering concerned with the activities related to the production of HYPERLINK /wiki/Hydrocarbons \o Hydrocarbons hydrocarbons ([?ha?dr??kɑ:b?n]), which can be either HYPERLINK /wiki/Crude_oil \o Crude oil crude oil or HYPERLINK /wiki/Natural_gas \o Natural gas natural gas. Subsurface activities are deemed to fall within the HYPERLINK /wiki/Upstream_(oil_industry) \o Upstream (oil industry) upstream sector of the oil and gas industry, which are the activities of finding and producing hydrocarbons. Refining and distribution to a market are referred to as the HYPERLINK /wiki/Downstream_(oil_industry) \o Downstream (oil industry) downstream sector. HYPERLINK /wiki/Hydrocarbon_exploration \o Hydrocarbon exploration Exploration, by earth scientists, and petroleum engineering are the oil and gas industrys two main subsurface disciplines, which focus on maximizing ([?m?ks??ma?z]) economic recovery of hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs ([?rez?vwɑ:]). HYPERLINK /wiki/Petroleum_geology \o Petroleum geology Petroleum geology and HYPERLINK /wiki/Geophysics \o Geophysics geophysics ([?d?i(:)?u?fiziks]) focus on provision of a static description of the hydrocarbon reservoir rock, while petroleum engineering focuses on estimation of the recoverable volume of this resource using a detailed understanding of the physical behavior of oil, water and gas within porous ([?p?:r?s]) rock at very high pressure. The combined efforts of geologists and petroleum engineers throughout the life of a hydrocarbon accumulation determine the way in which a reservoir is developed and depleted, and usually they have the highest impact on field economics. Petroleum engineering requires a good knowledge of many other related disciplines, such as geophysics ([?d?i(:)?u?fiziks]), petroleum geology, HYPERLINK /wiki/Formation_evaluation \o Formation evaluation formation evaluation ( HYPERLINK /wiki/Well_logging