13.季红.ppt

Neologism 季红 新词 (Neologism) 新词的定义： ? 指语言系统为适应新发明、新事物或新的社会现象的出现而创制的词语, ? 原有的词语在新的文化环境下添加了新的涵义通常也被称为新词。 1.Formation 构成 2.Semantic arguments 语义理据 3. Style of language 语体色彩 4. Translation Principles 翻译及定名原则 5.Neologism Culture 新词及文化 1.New Forms New coinages Derived words Abbreviations Collocations Eponyms Phrasal words Transferred words (new and old referents) Acronyms (new and old referents) Pseudo-neologisms Internationalism Old Words with New Senses Existing words with new senses, these dont normally refer to new objects or processes and therefore are rarely technological. To sum up old words with new senses tend to be non-cultural and non-technical. They are usually translated either by a word that already exists in the TL, or by a brief functional or descriptive term. 旧词新义 即在原有词中插入新的含义成为新词 如： pearl harbor 珍珠港 ATM 自动取款机 candy 糖 e.g. Most video games are just brain candy. Creating New Words and Changing the Meaning of Words .New Coinages(杜撰型) iPod 音乐播放器 dot-com 和 dot-commer “经营互联网业务的” 和“网络公司经营者” enbetterment意为“to make better” stay the course（坚持到底） Derived words Glocalization： globalization+ localization 全球化本土化 Infortainment：information+ entertainment新闻娱乐化 Smirting: smoking + flirting 有人边吸烟边跟异性搭讪 缩略型(Abbreviation) 缩略型（Abbreviation） Collocations 2.Semantic arguments语义理据 2.形象比喻 有些词本义并无修辞色彩指称一般性事物,但经形象比喻衍生出转义,喻指其他事物并带有浓厚的文体色彩 3. Style of language 语体色彩 时髦词(vogue words): I 翻译的策略 1.新词音译 transliteration 指仿拟英语新词的读音直译为合适的汉语对应词 ,主要适用于译借词、缩略词、专有名词以及新产品等专业术语词。 翻译的策略 2.新词移植 transplant 按照词的概念意义将其各个词素的指称意义依次译出,多用于派生词、拼缀词和复合词 翻译的策略 3.新词意译 舍弃原文的字面意义 ,以求译文与原文内容 即英语新词的释义 相符和主要语言功能相似的方法 ,常用于类比词、合成词、添义词等。 翻译的策略 4.新词音意兼译 把英语新词一分为二 ,一部分音译 ,另一部分意译的混译方法 ,常用于复合型外来词 小结 Neologisms are perhaps the non-literary and the professional translators biggest problem. New objects and processes are continually created in technology. New ideas and variations on fee