text13_数字通信历史.pptVIP

Technical English For Communication Engineering History of Digital Communication In the electrical context, digital communication has its roots in telegraphy. In 1838, samuel F.B. Morse demonstrated a machine the telegraph, meaning distant writing for sending messages rapidly over long distances, which for the time was remarkable in itself. Remember this was some 60 years prior to the demonstration of long-distance radio wave propagation. speed of the sender and the processing speed of the human decoder（译码器、解码器）, but generally not by the transmission medium. Despite having its genesis（发生、起源）in the digital framework, for about the next 100 years, communication became predominantly analog in the forms of the telephone invented by Bell in 1872 , radio, and television. At about the same time, the seed for the modern view of information theory was planted by Hartley, who reasoned（详尽论述）that information was related to the prior uncertainty about the message and that the amount of information contained was proportional（成比例）to the logarithm（对数）of the number of possible messages. These ideas were not taken up（继续下去、吸收、接纳）again until the work of Shannon 20 years later. The patent issued to Reeves in 1938 marks another key step. Here, elementary binary sequences of fixed length, called pulse codes, were used to represent analog sample values by partitioning the range of analog values into small regions and transmitting the identification code for the region in question. This technique, known as pulse code modulation PCM , occupies a central place today in transmission and storage of speech, music, visual and telemetry signals. In the 1940s and 1950s, major advances were made along different theoretical lines, for example, in treating communication as a probabilistic process and using probability theory（概率论）, which itself was rapidly maturing as a mathematical discipline（学科）, to optimize various aspects of the communication process. Fundamental（基本原理）was the developme