西工大高分子大四专英考题答案.docVIP

西工大高分子大四专英考题答案 名词解释 Configuration（构型）: refers to arrangements fixed by chemical bonding, which cannot be altered except through primary bond breakage. Conformation: refers to arrangements around single primary bonds. Polymers in solutions or in melts continuously undergo conformational changes—that is, changes in shape. SPI: The Society of the Plastics Industry ASTM: The American Society for Testing and Materials SAE: The Society of Automotive Engineers SCW: Supercritical water Specific strength（比强度）: Density is divided by strength. Green Chemistry: is an emerging concept aimed at identifying processes and pathways that enable more sustainable synthesis of chemicals. 简答题 1. What’s the reason of sorting and separating polymer wastes before treatment/recycling? The reason for this may be technical, or based on environmental or health issues. For example, mechanical recycling is only economically and technically feasible for single materials while incinerators must separate out PVC from MSW (municipal solid waste) to avoid the formation of toxic dioxins. 2. What methods can be adopted to separate polymer wastes from each other? Manual sorting、Automated identification and separation、Density methods、Infra-red and X-ray spectroscopy、Thermal separation、Electrostatic separation、Selective dissolution. 3. Is there a decrease or increase in miscibility of a two component polymer blend as the temperature rises? For most non-polar polymer blends, the miscibility of blends increases, whereas for polar polymer blends, the miscibility of blends decreases as the temperature rises. 4. Describe briefly the PET bottle recycle. 1. shredding the bottles to facilitate a fast granulation, followed by grinding to 1/4 inch particles; 2. separation of paper and light contaminants in an air stream; 3. washing and rinsing the remaining material; 4. flotation to separate the lighter HDPE, cap liner and plastic label from the heavier PET and aluminum（from the bottle seal）; 5. separation a