Thebrainstem.ppt

The brain stem  山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 李振华 The brain Telencephalon 端脑 Diencephalon间脑 Cerebellum 小脑 Brain stem 脑干 The brain stem 脑干 Consists of Midbrain 中脑 Pons 脑桥 Medulla oblongata延髓 Medulla oblongata延髓 Ventral surface Pyramid锥体: contain pyramidal tract corticospinal tract Decussation of pyramid锥体交叉: formed by crossing fibers of corticospinal tract Olive橄榄: produced by underlying inferior olivary nucleus Anterolateral sulcus前外侧沟: rootlets of hypoglossal nerve emerge from it Retroolivary sulcus橄榄后沟: rootlets of glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves emerge from it Medulla oblongata 延髓 Dorsal surface Lower portion Gracile tubercle薄束结节: produced by underlying gracile nucleus Cuneate tubercle楔束结节: marks the site of cuneate nucleus Inferior cerebellar peduncle 小脑下脚 Obex 闩 Upper portion: forms the lower half of rhomboid fossa Pons 脑桥 Ventral surface Basilar part 基底部 Basilar sulcus 基底沟 Bulbopontine sulcus 延髓脑桥沟: from medial to lateral, the abducent, facial and vestibulocochlear nerves appear Middle cerebellar peduncle 小脑中脚 Trigeminal nerve 三叉神经 Pontocerebellar trigone 脑桥小脑三角: the junction of medulla, pons and cerebellum Pons 脑桥 Dorsal surface Superior cerebellar peduncle 小脑上脚 Superior medullary velum 前髓帆 Trochlear nerve 滑车神经 Midbrain 中脑 Ventral surface Crus cerebri 大脑脚底 Interpeduncular fossa 脚间窝 oculomotor nerves emerge from medial of crus cerebri Posterior perforated substance 后穿质 Midbrain中脑 Dorsal surface Superior colliculus 上丘constitute centers for visual reflexes Inferior colliculus 下丘associated with auditory pathway Brachium of superior colliculi 上丘臂 Brachium of inferior colliculi 下丘臂 Fourth ventricle 第四脑室 Position Situated ventral to cerebellum, and dorsal to pons and cranial half of medulla Boundaries Inferolateral: gracile and cuneate tubercles, inferior cerebellar peduncle Superolateral: superior cerebellar peduncle Lateral recess Features Median sulcus 正中沟 Sulcus limitans 界沟 Vestibular area前庭区 overlies vestibular nuclei Acoustic tuber