流体力学Chapter 7 Dimensional Analysis.ppt

Chapter 7 Dimensional AnalysisModeling, and Similitude Pumping Power * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Flow Around Immersed Bodies 2/7 A general formulation for these problems is Where ? is some characteristic length of the system and ?i represents other pertinent lengths, ε/ ? is the relative roughness of the surface, and ρV?/μ is the Reynolds number. Dependent pi term= Model of the National Bank of Commerce, San Antonio, Texas, for measurement of peak, rms, and mean pressure distributions. The model is located in a long-test-section, meteorological wind tunnel. * Flow Around Immersed Bodies 3/7 Frequently, the dependent variable of interest for this type of problem is the drag, D, developed on the body. To meet the requirement of geometric similarity The dependent pi terms would usually be expressed in the form of a drag coefficient * Flow Around Immersed Bodies 4/7 To meet the requirement of Reynolds number similarity The same fluid is used, then * Flow Around Immersed Bodies 5/7 The fluid velocity in the model will be larger than that in the prototype for any length scale less than 1. Since length scales are typically much less than unity. Reynolds number similarity may be difficult to achieve because of the large model velocities required. * Flow Around Immersed Bodies 6/7 How to reduce the fluid velocity in the model ? A different fluid is used in the model such that For example, the ratio of the kinematic viscosity of water to that of air is approximately 1/10, so that if the prototype fluid were air, test might be run on the model using water. This would reduce the required model velocity, but it still may be difficult to achieve the necessary velocity in a suitable test facility, such as a water tunnel. * Flow Around Immersed Bodies 7/7 How to reduce the fluid velocity in the model ? Same fluid with different density.. ?m? An alternative way to reduce Vm i