AntibodyIdentification-AustinCommunityCollege.pptVIP

Other techniques If the antibodies remain, then prewarmed techniques can be performed: Red cells, serum, and saline are incubated at 37° before being combined Autoadsorption is another technique in which the autoantibody is removed from the patients serum using their own red cells The serum can be used to identify any underlying alloantibodies Warm autoantibodies More common that cold autoantibodies Positive DAT due to IgG antibodies coating the red cell Again, the majority of panel or screening cells will be positive The Rh system e antigen seems to be the main target although others occur Warm autoantibodies Cause warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia WAIHA …?HH How do you get a warm autoantibody? Idiopathic Known disorder SLE, RA, leukemias, UC, pregnancy, infectious diseases, etc Medications Several techniques are used when warm autoantibodies are suspected… Elution whenever DAT is positive Elution techniques “free” antibodies from the sensitized red cells so that the antibodies can be identified Y Y Y Y Sensitized RBC Positive DAT Elution Y Y Y Y Y Y Frees antibody Antibody ID Elution The eluate is a term used for the removed antibodies Testing the eluate is useful in investigations of positive DATs HDN Transfusion reactions Autoimmune disease The red cells can also be used after elution for RBC phenotyping if needed When tested with panel cells, the eluate usually remains reactive with all cells if a warm autoantibody is present Elution Methods Acid elutions glycine acid Most common Lowers pH, causing antibody to dissociate Organic solvents ether, chloroform Dissolve bilipid layer of RBC Heat conformational change Freeze-Thaw lyses cells ABO antibodies Adsorption Adsorption procedures can be used to investigate underlying alloantibodies ZZAP or chloroquine diphosphate can be used to dissociate IgG antibodies from the RBC may take several repeats After the patient RBCs are incubated, the adsorbed serum is tested with panel cells to ID the allo