GerrigCh 03.pptVIP

Chapter 3 The Biological Bases of Behavior Heredity and Behavior Natural selection Favorable adaptations to features of the environment allow some members of a species to reproduce more successfully than others Natural Selection Genotype Genetic structure Phenotype Observable characteristics How Natural Selection Works Natural Selection Human evolution Bipedalism Encephalization Language Cultural evolution Variation in the Human Genotype Heredity Biological transmission of traits from parents to offspring Genetics Study of the inheritance of physical and psychological traits from ancestors Basic Genetics DNA Physical basis for the transmission of genetic information Genes Biological units of heredity Genes and Behavior Human behavior genetics Evaluates genetic component of individual differences in behaviors and traits Biology and Behavior Neuroscience Scientific study of the brain and of the links between brain activity and behavior Eavesdropping on the Brain Interventions in the brain Lesions – injuries to or destruction of body tissue Recording and Imaging Brain Activity Electroencephalogram (EEG) Electrical activity of the brain PET scans Records radioactivity emitted by cells during cognitive and behavioral activities Magnetic resonance imagine (MRI) Scans the brain using magnetic fields and radio waves Functional MRI (fMRI) Detects magnetic changes in blood flow to cells in the brain Nervous System Central nervous system (CNS) Brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Spinal and cranial nerves Connects the body’s sensory receptors to the CNS and the CNS to muscles and glands The Brain Stem and Cerebellum Brain stem Medulla Pons Thalamus Cerebellum The Limbic System Hippocampus Acquisition of implicit memory Amygdala Controls emotion, aggression, and formation of emotional memory Hypothalamus Regulates motivated behavior The Cerebrum Cerebral cortex Cerebral hemispheres Corpus callosum The Four Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex Frontal lobes Parietal lob