大学英语词汇学习策1.docVIP

大学英语词汇学习策略-II认知策略 语境策略1 同、近义词 根据上下文里的同（近）义或反义成分 ? ????为了避免重复，作者经常用不同的词表达同一个概念或意义。这为我们猜词义提供可很好的线索，请看下面例子： “Many new arrivals to the States will miss the opening exchanges of a business call, for example. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country.”我们根据例句中的“exchange” 推断interaction 的意思应该是“交流”。????有时候在同一个句子或相邻两个句子里出现的反义词或词组同样也可以帮助我们猜测生词的意思。例如;“This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient.”在这个例句中，whereas表示“然而，可是”，根据上下文意思，“less efficient”和“superb”应该表示相反的意思，由此，我们推断superb指“电话服务高效率的”，也就是表示“很好，一流”的意思。 练习题： 1 John doesn’t believe in conventional medicine; he has some remedies of his own. key 2 The clothes a person wears may express his status or social position. key 3 Crime does not automatically go with poverty; some rich men are criminals. key 4 They may miss leisurely business chats in a restaurant or coffee house. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk. key 5 It is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem, or fulfill a job successfully, with speed. key 6 There is a need for the conservation of trees, or there will soon be no forests. key 7 A complete investigation into the causes of the accident should lead to improved standards and should result in new operating procedures. ?key 8 Education in government colleges is very cheap, but if you go to the private colleges, it is much more expensive. key ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 根据上下文关联信息的指代关系 ? 　 根据上下文中的指示代词、连词等功能词，往往能够确定单词与单词之间的关系，从而猜测单词的意思。请看下面例子： “At first glance, this is just another routine flight to Los Angeles, yet for the young passengers, it is the start of a new experience.” ????“yet”表示转折，“对于那些年轻人而言，这班飞机意味着新的开始”,也就是说这趟航班对他们而言有着不寻常的意义，由此推断前半句意思是“乍一眼看来，这不过就是一班飞往洛杉矶的普通航班”。 ????“Teachers gave lower grades on essays written by boys named Elmer and