西方语言学简史16.ppt

A Brief History of Western Linguistics By Yu Pingfang Teaching goal Distributionalism Distributionalism American scholar, L. Bloomfield, proposed his own general theory of language, which was developed and systematized by his students under the name distributionalism The philosophical foundation of distributionalism is the behaviorist psychology. Language is a possibility that Jill, seeing an apple, may ask Jack to pick it instead of doing it herself. S…r…s…R Distributional Analysis The IC analysis of a sentence The president of the united states has opened the World Series. What’s the contribution of IC analysis of utterance? a. Attributing a hierarchical construction to the sentence. b. To classify the ICs, obtaining distributional classes 1st stage: to find broad series of classes 2nd stage: to subdivide the main classes Distributionalism and Sassurianism departing from The difficulties pertaining to the specification of units imposed on distributionalism: IC analysis is not well-suited to the demarcation of units smaller than the word. discharge; repel 2. Analysis into IC doesn’t help in the identification of the occurrence of a given unit. The analogy between distributionalism and glossematics Among Sassure’s disciples, the opposition between the glossematicians and the functionalists has its correlative in the American school, namely, in the opposition between Pike’s theory of tagmemics and strict distributionalism Etic (phonetic):（(非位） refusing all hypothesis concerning the function of the events being reported and in characterizing them only by means of spatio-temporal criteria. （对语言的各种物理模式加以描写，不考虑它们在语言系统中的功能） Emic ( phonemic) : (位） Interpreting events according to their particular function in the particular cultural world to which they belong. （充分考虑各种功能关系，建立一个由抽象对立单位组成的封闭系统作为描写的基础） According to Pike, distributionalism is an example of an etic（非位）, or exterior point of view on language. In order