SaturatedAbsorptionSpectroscopy.docVIP

Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy and Frequency Modulation Spectroscopy of Rubidium Atoms 铷原子的饱和吸收光谱和频率调变光谱 Dan Lee Grade 98, School of Physics, Department of Technical Physics 摘要 在这个实验中，我们测量了85Rb和87Rb原子的饱和吸收光谱和频率调变光谱．在饱和吸收光谱中，87Rb原子的|F=1(→|F＇=0,1,2(和|F=2(→|F＇=1,2,3(,85Rb原子的|F=2(→ |F＇=1,2,3(和|F=3(→|F＇=2,3,4(以及它们的交错信号都被完全的捕捉住.这里,F 表示的是5S1/2基态的超精细能级，而 F＇则表示的是5P3/2激发态的超精细能级. 87Rb 原子的｜F=2(→|F＇=1,2,3(的谱线则被用于调频技术． Abstract We have measured D2 transitions of 85Rb and 87Rb atoms with saturated absorption spectroscopy and frequency modulation spectroscopy. These saturated absorption spectra, |F=1( → |F’=0,1,2( and |F=2( → |F’=1,2,3( of 87Rb atoms, |F=2( → |F’=1,2,3( and |F=3( → |F’=2,3,4( of 85Rb atoms, and their crossover lines are completely resolved, where F indicates the hyperfine level of the 5S1/2 ground state and F’ indicates that of the 5P3/2 excited state. The derivatives of the |F=2(→|F’=1,2,3( spectra of 87Rb atoms are obtained with the technique of frequency modulation. As we know, the Rubidium atom is one kind of boson. It obeys the Bose-Einstein statistics. In 1995, Rubidium atom was successfully used to realize the Bose-Einstein condensation. In the nature, there are two types of isotopes of Rubidium: 87Rb and 85Rb. If we consider the hyperfine structure of the isotopes of 87Rb and 85Rb, we can get the figures for their energy levels. The hyperfine structure is resulted from the spin of the nucleus, which is called Zeeman effect that can lead to the separation of the energy levels in magnetic field. Fig. 1 below shows us the hyperfine structure of the 87Rb. Fig. 1. The hyperfine structure of the energy levels of 87Rb Fig. 2 below shows us the hyperfine structure of the 85Rb. Fig. 2. The hyperfine structure of the energy levels of 85Rb The two figures are similar to each other. The small difference between them is that the separation of energy levels of 85Rb is less than those of 87Rb. Another difference between the two isotope