毕业设计-ca6163车床的经济型数控化改造.docVIP

摘 要 随着科学技术的飞速发展，数字控制（CNC）机床已成为当前机械制造业进行技术改造，技术革新的必有之路，是未来工厂自动化的基础。因此，此次对普通床进给系统的数控化改造设计更显得重要。 目前中国大多数制造行业和企业的生产、加工装备绝大多数是普通机床，机床数控化率远低于美国、日本等国家。如果大量添置全新的数控机床，不仅资金投入量大、成本高，而且又会造成原有设备的闲置浪费。把普通机床改造成数控机床则不失为一条提高数控化率的有效途径。 第一部分是数控机床的概述，第二部分是进给系统的总体设计方案，第三部分是伺服进给机械部分设计计算，第四部分是控制部分的单片机原理设计。 基于步进电机的机械改装减少了人的工作量，把手动转变成为电动。本次改造用了两个步进电机，分别控制机床的两个方向（纵向和横向）的进给，通过带轮带动滚珠丝杠的轴向运动。 基于单片机控制的电子部分设计提高了工作效率和测量的准确度、可信度。该仪器采用了8031单片机。 关键词 车床 数控 丝杠 步进电机 单片机 Abstract As the development of technology, the numerical control machine has becomes the trend of the reformation in the manufacturing industry and the foundation of factories in the future. Therefore, the project of automat the machine is important to the prospective study and work. At present the Chinese majority manufacture professions and enterprises production, the process unit overwhelming majority is the ordinary engine bed, the engine bed numerical control rate is lower than countries far and so on US, Japan. If acquires the brand-new numerically-controlled machine tool massively, not only the fund inputs are big, cost, will create the original equipments idle waste. Transforms the numerically-controlled machine tool the ordinary engine bed is enhances the numerical control rate efficient path. Introduction will be presented in Section 1. The overall designing scheme will be proposed in Section 2 .The calculating and data of mechanical part is in Section 3 and Section 4 is the part of control including the principle of SCM. The reformation to machine based the stepping motor decreases the workload by turning the hand operation to electric control. Two motors controlling two directions respectively move the ball screws by strap wheels. The design in electrical part based the SCM improves the product efficiency and the accuracy and stability in the aspect of measuring by using the 8031 SCM. Key words: Lathe computer numerical control ball screw stepping motor SCM 目 录 摘 要 1 Abstract 2 第1章 绪 论