Section B 4~5.pptVIP

Para. 4a About 3.5 billion years ago, another great change occurred. The oceans began to develop an enormous system of living things, with many diverse forms of life, all dependent on one another. The first animals on this living sphere, the Earth, were primitive marine animals, and then around 500 million years ago these sea animals developed shells. Seventy million years later, the first fish appeared. [短语] be dependent on  depend on 依赖 be reliant on 依赖 be independent of one another 相互独立 be attached to one another 相互依恋 be concerned over one another 相互关心 自然界所有生物，不论大小，不论新旧，彼此相互依赖而生存。 All living things in nature, large or small, new or old, are dependent on one another for survival. Para. 4b Next, insects developed, about 400 million years ago. After another 200 million years, dinosaurs and the first mammals walked the Earth. About 200 million years ago, warm-blooded animals took to the air—the first birds. Fifty million years later, both birds and mammals were well established. About three million years ago, scientists believe, the first human beings walked the Earth. Life was now flourishing. [短语] take to [短语] take to Para. 5 In terms of the evolution of life on Earth, human beings have just arrived. Despite their short time on Earth, however, people have brought about enormous changes to the surface of the planet—changes far out of proportion to the interval of time they have occupied it. [短语] in terms of [短语] in terms of [搭配] out of proportion to sth. [搭配] out of proportion to sth. * * Lamar Hamilton * 08.10.06 Para. 4a 大约 35 亿年前，又发生了一次巨变。海洋中开始孕育一个巨大的生物体系，包含各种各样相互依赖的生命形态。在地球这个有生命的星球上，最早的动物是原始海洋动物。后来，在大约 5 亿年前，这些海洋动物进化成了甲壳动物。7,000 万年后，首次出现了鱼。 知识归纳 Example [短语] be dependent on [单词] primitive 1. of or typical of a very early stage in the development of sth. 原始的，早期的 2. simple and not sophisticated 简陋的，粗糙的 Example 1 原始人 2,000 年前开垦了这些岛屿。 Primitive races colonized these islands 2,000 years ago. Example 2 [单词] prim