2016年电大：著作权法 作品 l-.docVIP

第三讲/第四讲 著作权的保护对象 ——作品 哪些是作品，哪些有著作权 《阿Q正传》；周作人的作品；CCTV电视节目预告表；天气预报；“女子十二乐坊”策划创意；《老照片》书名 一．作品的概念 作品，是指文学、艺术和科学领域内，具有独创性并能以某种有形形式复制的智力创作成果。（《著作权法实施条例》第2条） 二、作品的构成条件： （一）作品是思想的表达，而非思想本身 idea-- expression TRIPS协定第9条第2款规定：著作权保护应及于表达，而不及于思想、工艺、操作方法或数学概念本身。 Copyright protection shall extend to expressions and not to ideas, procedures, methods of operation or mathematical concepts as such （二）作品应当具有独创性（originality） 广西煤矿工人报转载一周电视节目预告案：/article/default.asp?id=33984 美国Feist案：/copyright/cases/499_US_340.htm 1．独创性是指作者对思想的表达，体现其取舍、选择与安排。美国法官认为，独创性不仅要求作者独立创作，还要具备“最低创造性”（at least some minimal degree of creativity）标准。故对于电话号码簿不给予著作权保护。 To determine whether the copyright in Rurals directory protects the names, towns, and telephone numbers copied by Feist The most fundamental axiom of copyright law is that [p*345] no author may copyright his ideas or the facts he narrates. Harper Row, Publishers, Inc. v. Nation Enterprises, 471 U.S. 539, 556 (1985) To qualify for copyright protection, a work must be original to the author. To qualify for copyright protection, a work must be original to the author. See Harper Row, supra, at 547-549. Original, as the term is used in copyright, means only that the work was independently created by the author (as opposed to copied from other works), and that it possesses at least some minimal degree of creativity. 1 M. Nimmer D. Nimmer, Copyright §§ 2.01[A], [B] (1990) (hereinafter Nimmer). To be sure, the requisite level of creativity is extremely low; even a slight amount will suffice. The vast majority of works make the grade quite easily, as they possess some creative spark, no matter how crude, humble or obvious it might be. Id., § 1.08[C][1]. Originality does not signify novelty; a work may be original even though it closely resembles other works so long as the similarity is fortuitous, not the result of copying. To illustrate, [p*346] assume that two poets, each ignorant of the other, compose identical poems. Neither work is novel, yet bo