sql语句编程手册.doc

sql语句编程手册 一、SQL PLUS 1 引言 SQL命令 以下17个是作为语句开头的关键字： alter drop revoke audit grant rollback* commit* insert select comment lock update create noaudit validate delete rename 这些命令必须以“;”结尾 带*命令句尾不必加分号，并且不存入SQL缓存区。 SQL中没有的SQL*PLUS命令 这些命令不存入SQL缓存区 @ define pause # del quit $ describe remark / disconnect run accept document save append edit set break exit show btitle get spool change help sqlplus clear host start column input timing compute list ttitle connect newpage undefine copy 2 数据库查询 数据字典 TAB 用户创建的所有基表、视图和同义词清单 DTAB 构成数据字典的所有表 COL 用户创建的基表的所有列定义的清单 CATALOG 用户可存取的所有基表清单 select * from tab; describe命令 描述基表的结构信息 describe dept select * from emp; select empno,ename,job from emp; select * from dept order by deptno desc; 逻辑运算符 = !=或 = = in between value1 and value2 like % _ in null not no in,is not null 谓词in和not in 有哪些职员和分析员 select ename,job from emp where job in (clerk,analyst); select ename,job from emp where job not in (clerk,analyst); 谓词between和not between 哪些雇员的工资在2000和3000之间 select ename,job,sal from emp where sal between 2000 and 3000; select ename,job,sal from emp where sal not between 2000 and 3000; 谓词like,not like select ename,deptno from emp where ename like S%; (以字母S开头) select ename,deptno from emp where ename like %K; (以K结尾) select ename,deptno from emp where ename like W___; (以W开头，后面仅有三个字母) select ename,job from emp where job not like sales%; (哪些雇员的工种名不以sales开头) 谓词is null,is not null 没有奖金的雇员（即commision为null） select ename,job from emp where comm is null; select ename,job from emp where comm is not null; 多条件查询 select ename,job from emp where deptno=20 and job!=clerk; 表达式 + - * / 算术表达式 选择奖金高于其工资的5%的雇员 select ename,sal,comm,comm/sal from emp where comm.05*sal order by comm/sal desc; 日期型数据的运算 add two days to 6-Mar-87 6-Mar-87 + 2