TheDataLinkLayer.ppt

The Data Link Layer Chapter 3 Hybrid Reference Model - REMINDER Data Link Layer “Virtual communication” takes place in the data link layer (in additional to the other layers). Provides services to the network layer Framing (sending machine breaks input data into input frames). Need to recognize framing boundaries. Error control - noise burst can ruin a transmission. Data Link Layer Provides svcs to the network layer (contd) Flow control - how to stop a fast transmitter from overwhelming a slow one. Data Link Layer Services Provided to Network Layer Transfer data from network layer on source machine to network layer on destination machine through “virtual communication.” Actual path is through all lower layers. Services are 1) Unacknowledged connectionless service 2) Acknowledged connectionless service 3) Ack. Connection-oriented service Data Link Layer Unacknowledged connectionless service Source machine sends frames to destination machine. Destination machine does not ack. No connection estd. before hand Frame loss due to noise is not recovered in data link layer but maybe above. Appropriate for Low error rate systems real time traffic (speech) - bad data is worse than late data. Acknowledged connectionless service Each frame sent is acknowledged but no connections are set up. If frame does not arrive, sender can wait and retransmit. Can be used over unreliable channels. Acknowledged connection-oriented service Connection estd. Before any data are transferred. Each frame sent is numbered and the data link layer guarantees that each frame sent is indeed received. Each frame is recd. Only once (guaranteed) and that order is maintained (guaranteed) (is frame receivable multiple times in connectionless service?) Connection-oriented service Three phases to transfer: Connection is established by initializing counters for received/unreceived frames One or more frames are transmitted Connection is released freeing up resources (variables, buffers) Example - next sli