原子力显微镜反馈参数的理解.docVIP

对于这两个gain值，在Instruction Manual Software中是这样描述的： 2.3.1. Proportional and Integral Gain—An AnalogyTo better understand gains and how they control SPM probes, consider the analogy of a hot air balloon carrying three balloonists. Each rider controls a separate valve on the balloon’s gas burner. The valves are mounted in parallel, such that if any one valve is open, gas flows to the burners, causing the balloon to rise. Similarly, each balloonist may turn their burner off to reduce altitude. Mounted beneath the balloon’s gondola is a camera, which automatically takes a photograph of the ground below. The balloon’s objective is to obtain detailed photographs of the surface. To obtain the highest resolution images, the balloon must track the surface as closely as possible without crashing into it. This poses a dilemma to the balloonists: how to tightly control the balloon’s position relative to the ground. Because the balloon will drift slightly up and down due to the effects of wind and temperature, the balloonists must establish some minimum altitude as a safety zone.Let us call this the “setpoint” altitude, and let us assume that it is set at an altitude of 100 meters.1 When the terrain is flat, the problem is simplified. The balloonists need only ensure a constant supply of gas is supplied to the balloon’s burners to keep the balloon aloft. As the terrain becomes hilly, the task becomes more complex. If the terrain rises, the balloonists must respond by firing the burners to lift the balloon. As the balloon clears the hill and terrain drops away, the balloonists must turn the burnersoff to reduce height and continue tracking the terrain. The type and intensity of the balloonists’ responses to terrain can be modeled in terms of three types of feedback: proportional, integral and LookAhead.2.3.2. Proportional GainProportional gain means that something is done proportionally in response to something else. In the case of our first balloonist, Peter, this means produc