印度经济改革20一托福阅读机经背景.docxVIP

智课网TOEFL备考资料 印度经济改革20年一托福阅读机经背景   wo decades ago, India opened up its tightly regulated economy, unleashing a wave of reforms that transformed the country and put it in the league of the worlds fastest growing economies. But many consider the job only partially complete and say the South Asian country needs to bridge the gap between a prosperous middle class and the millions of people who still grapple with poverty.  20年前，印度开放了严格管制的经济，展开了一波改革浪潮，使该国实现转型并成为世界上增长最快的经济体之一。但许多人认为这一改革工程只完成了一部分，他们说，这个南亚国家需要缩小兴旺的中产阶级与数百万贫困者之间的差距。  Dramatic shift  Rajeev Nanda, a software professional, was among a wave of young people who migrated to the United States in the 1980s, because of a lack of job opportunities at home. In 2001, a decade after India opened its socialist-style economy, he returned to establish an office in Bangalore for the U.S.-based company that employed him.  拉吉夫·南达是一名软件专业人士，1980年代他随着年轻人 移民 浪潮移民到美国，因为印度国内缺乏工作机会。2001年，也就是印度开放其社会主义式的经济10年之后，他回到印度，在班加罗尔设立了他所任职的美国公司的印度办事处。  Nanda found a country dramatically different from the one he had left 12 years before.  南达发现，与他12年前离开时相比，这个国家发生了巨大的变化。  “When we went, it was a one-way ticket [to the U.S., explained Nanda. Then the economy opened up. The opportunities created a different mindset. Suddenly there was a lot of hope and lot of excitement in the air.”  南达说：“当年我们去美国时，买的是单程机票。之后，印度经济开放了。这些机遇造就了不同的心情。突然之间充满了很多希望，到处洋溢着兴奋的情绪。”  Financial woes  The liberalization drive launched in 1991 came at a time when India was confronting a crisis. It was on the verge of defaulting on its international debt.  1991年开始推行经济自由化之时印度正在应付一场危机。当时该国正处于对其国际债务违约的边缘。  Prime Minister Manmohan Singh - then the country’s finance minister - lifted restrictions on foreign investors, relaxed stifling controls on domestic industry and slashed taxes.  后来担任财政部长的总理曼莫汉·辛格，取消了对外国投资者的限制，放松了对国内产业令人窒息的管制，并实行减税。  The results were soon eviden