GCT综合英语11单元课文翻译.docVIP

仅做参考 好好学习，天天向上 Unit11 White-Collar Crime 白领犯罪 1 when the public demands “law and order”, and when newspaper editorials talk about the “rising tide of crime”, they have in mind mostly street crime committed be the poor. Even the massive report of the president’s crime commission, the challenge of crime in a free society, devoted only two pages to the entire subject of white –collar offenders and business crimes. 当市民们诉求“法律和秩序”时，当报纸社论谈及“犯罪上升潮”时，他们认为大部分的街道犯罪主要是穷人们引发的。在总统所作的大量关于社会犯罪的报告中，如：“自由社会里面临的犯罪挑战”里仅有两页是专门谈及白领犯罪和商业犯罪的。 The deep concern with street crime is understandable. Unlike a swindler, who merely takes the victim’s money, an armed mugger threatens physical injury and even death. Yet the fact remains that a great deal of crime in American society—perhaps most crime, and certainly the most costly crime–is committed by respectable middle-class and upper-class citizens. 对街头犯罪的深切关注是可以理解的。这不像一个仅仅拿走受害人钱财的骗子，武装劫匪毕竟会威胁人身伤害，甚至死亡。但事实仍然是：在美国社会里大量的犯罪，或许是大多数的犯罪，同时也是代价最高的犯罪，它被受人尊敬的中产阶级和上层阶级公民所引发的。 The term “white-collar crime” was first used by Edwin Sutherland in an address to the American sociological association in 1939. “White-collar crime,” he declared, “may be defined approximately as a crime committed by a person of respectability and high status in the course of his occupation”. Sutherland documented the existence of this form of crime with a study of the careers of 70 large, reputable corporations, which together had committed 980 violations of the criminal law, or average of 14 convictions apiece. 1939年，“白领犯罪”一词在埃德温·萨瑟兰被美国社会学协会首次使用， 该协会宣称： “白领犯罪可能被近似定义为：具有很好名声和很高社会地位的人在他的职业生涯里所犯的罪行”。萨瑟兰犯罪档案显示存在这样一种犯罪事实：通过研究超过70%的职业履历资料，声誉很好的公司一共有980次违法犯罪，或者平均每个公司有14人被定罪的记录。 Behind the offense of false advertising, unfair labor practices, restraint of trade, price-fixing agreements, stock manipulation copyright infringement, and outright swindles, were perfectly respectable middle-class executives. sociologists now use the term “white –collar crime ”to refer not only to crimes comm