超音波检测技术应用於木构件劣化之评估.doc

超音波檢測技術應用於木構件劣化之評估 Evaluation on Damages of Wooden Structural Components with Ultrasonic Detection Technique 研究生：Chin-kun Liu 指導教授：40~1000 kHz範圍之換能器所測得之縱向音速，在直接法中沒有顯著之差異，且在木構件現場檢測時以低頻超音波檢測方法較可避免音波訊號之干擾發生。40 kHz換能器在不同架設模式中所測得之縱向音速均有良好之正相關R2介於0.92~0.94之間，不同換能器耦合模式與形狀所測得之縱向音速亦有相同之結果R2介於0.95~0.99，且超音波音速可有效反應影響木材彈性模數之各項因子。 健全木材動彈性模數與強度性質之R2介於0.57~0.91有高度之相關性，而劣化木材動彈性模數與殘留強度性質之R2會降低至0.20~0.88，但橫向音速與殘留強度性質之R2介於0.25~0.62較健全木材之相關性高，Er和RMS-V與殘留強度性質之R2則可達0.25~0.68。另一方面木材強度受生物劣化之影響較彈性模數顯著，且生物劣化對抗彎性質之影響較抗壓性質劇烈。本試驗建議3個超音波性質可定義木材之生物劣化程度；音速值和動彈性模數可定義木材中期到嚴重階段生物劣化之殘留強度，並可以5 % 除外水準強度值推算殘留容許應力；超音波聲學性質則可定義木材初期到嚴重階段生物劣化之殘留強度。整體而言，超音波-聲學檢測技術對木材強度損失之定量與殘留容許應力之估計均有不錯的成效，可在木結構體發生危害安全與昂貴修復前適時的提供適當而正確之處理決策。 關鍵詞：超音波檢測技術、動彈性模數、生物劣化、音速、殘留強度 【Abstract】 In traditional timber construction, the mechanical properties of structure members are always reduced due to time-dependent degradation. Also, the external and internal deterioration caused by environmental condition, fungi, bacteria, or insect, will then reduce the quality of wooden structural components. The aim of this study is to evaluate the damages of wooden structural components in timber buildings by low frequency ultrasonic acoustic techniques. Ultrasonic techniques are applied to develop a model predicting the residual strength of biodegraded wooden components. The examination on traditional timber structural buildings damage, conservation, and restoration would be more objective and efficient, through the improvement on scientific and rational management and maintenance of timber buildings. Three wood species, Japanese cedar, China fir and Taiwania from the commonly used for timber construction of traditional timber structural in Taiwan were selected. These biodegraded and sound lumber were subjected to visual grading, nondestructive testing and destructive testing to determine ultrasonic properties and the relationship with strength. The estimates of wood strength can be determined based on the key ultrasonic properties. The information