chapter 3 Eukarya1.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Eukaryotic Microorganisms Algae（藻类）: Phototrophic eukaryotic microorganisms Fungus（真菌）: Nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic microorganisms that contain rigid cell walls Protozoa（原生动物）: unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms that lack cell walls Metozoa（后生动物）:multicellular eukaryotic microorganisms Algae Color of Algae Classification of Algae Chlorophyll（叶绿素） Carbon Reserve Polymers Cell Wall Structure Type of Motility Fungi: Molds, Yeasts and Mushrooms Habitats diverse: aquatic in fresh water or marine, terrestrial in soil or on dead plant, a few are human parasitic Have rigid cell walls (resemble plant cell walls architecturally, not chemically) containing chitin (some with mannans, galactosans, chitosans instead of chitin) Fungal cell walls are 80-90% polysaccharide(多糖）, with proteins, lipids, polyphosphates and inorganic ions making up the wall-cementing matrix Classification of Fungi Based on morphological properties sexual life cycles Molds: filamentous fungi Hypha (hyphae): a single filament Mycelium: hyphae grow together formed tufts Conidia: asexual spores, pigmented, resistant to drying Black Bread Mold Penicillum Mold Yeasts: unicellular fungi (ascomycetes) Division: budding Do not form filaments Some form filaments Some can mate. Bread Yeast Mushroom: filamentous fungi that typically form large structures called fruiting bodies Slime molds: phenotypically similar to both fungi and protozoa Protozoa Colorless Motile distinguished from prokaryotes by their greater size and eukaryotic nature distinguished from algae by their greater lack of chlorophyll distinguished from yeasts and other fungi by their mobility and lack of cell wall distinguished from slime molds by their lack of fruiting body formation Many of them are parasitic in other animals and human 营养类型 全动性营养（holozonic） 植物性营养（holophytic） 腐生性营养（saprophytic） 原生动物在废水生物处理过程中作用 指标作用 净化作用 促进絮凝和沉淀作用 钟虫 Metozoa(微型后生动物) Rotifer（轮虫） 粘菌（slime mold）是一类有趣的真核微生物，它们既像真菌，又似原生动物，有的学者曾称之为粘菌虫（mycetozoa）。在分类上，粘菌隶属