语言学方面术语文解释.docVIP

Define?the?following?terms:1.?? design?feature:are?features?that?define?our?human?languages,such?as?arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural?transmission,etc.2.??function:?the?use?of?language?tocommunicate,to?think?,etc.Language?functions?inclucle?imformative?function,interpersonal?function,performative?function,interpersonal?function,performative?function,emotive?function,phatic?communion,recreational?function?and?metalingual?function.3.?etic:?a?term?in?contrast?with?emic?which?originates?from?American?linguist?Pike’s?distinction?of?phonetics?and?phonemics.Being?etic?mans?making?far?too?many,?as?well?as?behaviously?inconsequential,differentiations,just?as?was?ofter?the?case?with?phonetic?vx.phonemic?analysis?in?linguistics?proper.4.?emic:?a?term?in?contrast?with?etic?which?originates?from?American?linguist?Pike’s?distinction?of?phonetics?and?phonemics.An?emic?set?of?speech?acts?and?events?must?be?one?that?is?validated?as?meaningful?via?final?resource?to?the?native?members?of?a?speech?communith?rather?than?via?qppeal?to?the?investigator’s?ingenuith?or?intuition?alone.5.?synchronic:?a?kind?of?description?which?takes?a?fixed?instant(usually,but?not?necessarily,the?present),as?its?point?of?observation.Most?grammars?are?of?this?kind.6.?diachronic:study?of?a?language?is?carried?through?the?course?of?its?history.7.?prescriptive:?the?study?of?a?language?is?carried?through?the?course?of?its?history.8.?prescriptive:?a?kind?of?linguistic?study?in?which?things?are?prescribed?how?ought?to?be,i.e.laying?down?rules?for?language?use.9.??descriptive:?a?kind?of?linguistic?study?in?which?things?are?just?described.10.??arbitrariness:?one?design?feature?of?human?language,which?refers?to?the?face?that?the?forms?of?linguistic?signs?bear?no?natural?relationship?to?their?meaning.11.??duality:?one?design?feature?of?human?language,which?refers?to?the?property?of?having?two?levels?of?are?composed?of?elements?of?the?secondary.level?and?each?of?the?two?levels?has?its?ow