贵金属清代翡翠玉文化的形成和发展--毕业设计论文.docVIP

清代翡翠玉文化的形成和发展 摘 要 在长达8千多年的中国玉文化史中,和田玉(软玉)文化长期占据主导地位。然而,从清代中晚期开始,翡翠(硬玉)以后起之秀的姿态逐渐分享了和田玉的主导地位,并且在中国近代玉文化史上占据了重要的位置。文章讨论了导致翡翠玉文化在我国清代中晚期形成的主要原因,认为满族民俗的影响,皇室权力结构改变及宫廷文化的推动;西方文化传入导致的价值观念转变;清代商业经济发展等要素是导致翡翠玉文化能在较短时间内得以与和田玉文化并驾齐驱的主要原因。翡翠玉文化的崛起和市场上翡翠玉石的供应之间在时间上并没有直接的联系,翡翠玉文化的形成主要是市场需求而不是供应驱动的。清代开始的翡翠玉文化的核心是“商玉”文化,它和之前和田玉的“礼玉”文化有明显的差异。 关键词：翡翠(硬玉);和田玉(软玉);玉文化;清代 ABSTRACT Chinese jade amounting to more than 8,000 years in strong point history of culture is hit by , beautiful (nephrite) culture of He Tian City occupies over a long period of time dominant position. Starting from when Qing dynasty is hit by later period but,the emerald (jadeite) has shared beautiful dominant He Tian City position gradually with a promising youth attitude, and has occupied important location on beautiful Chinese modern times history of culture. Article has been discussed leading to the main cause that beautiful culture of emerald forms in middle our country later period Qing dynasty , has regarded as the Man nationality folk custom effect, power structure changes imperial household reaching imperial court cultures push; West culture conducts entering the values change leading to; That commerce economic growth waits for a key element in Qing dynasty is the main cause leading to beautiful culture of emerald can so that can within shorter time equal to beautiful culture of He Tian City. Mount and do not have direct connection on beautiful culture of emerald rising abruptly and marketplace between emerald jade supplying in time, beautiful culture of emerald formation is a market demand mainly but fault supplies drives. Originally beautiful emerald culture core is to discuss beautiful culture in Qing dynasty , beautiful beautiful He Tian City gift culture has obvious difference before it draws. Key words：Emerald (jadeite); He Tian City is beautiful (nephrite); Beautiful culture; Qing dynasty 目 录 绪论 1 1清代历史及玉器综述 2 1.1清代历史的发展 1 1.2清代翡翠