BK2_Chapters_1_2.pptVIP

Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition History of fingerprints Human fingerprints have been discovered on a large number of archaeological artifacts and historical items In 1684, the English plant morphologist, Nehemiah Grew, published the first scientific paper reporting his systematic study on the ridge, furrow, and pore structure In 1788, a detailed description of the anatomical formations of fingerprints was made by Mayer. In 1823, Purkinji proposed the first fingerprint classification, which classified into nine categories Sir Francis Galton introduced the minutae features for fingerprint matching in late 19th century History of fingerprints Formation of fingerprints Fingerprints are fully formed at about seven months of fetus development General characteristics of the fingerprint emerge as the skin on the fingertip begins to differentiate. flow of amniotic fluids around the fetus and its position in the uterus change during the differentiation process Thus the cells on the fingertip grow in a microenvironment that is slightly different from hand to hand and finger to finger Fingerprint sensing Based on the mode of acquisition, a fingerprint image is classified as Off line image Live-scan image Fingerprint Representation Fingerprint representation should have following two properties Saliency Suitability Fingerprint feature extraction Fingerprint pattern, when analyzed at different scales, exhibits different types of features global level - delineates a ridge line flow pattern local level – minute details can be identified Very fine level – intra-ridge details can be detected Difficulty in fingerprint matching Fingerprint matching is a difficult problem due to large variability in different impressions of the same finger Main factors responsible for intra-class variations are: displacement, rotation, partial overlap, non-linear distortion, variable pr