Nuclear reactions in the Sun.pptVIP

Nuclear reactions in the Sun A first look at the Sun A deeper look: helioseismology Neutrino: the spy of the innermost sun Nuclear reactions in the Sun, after SNO and KamLAND A first look at the Sun Observables: -Mass -Luminosity - Radius, - Metal content of the photosphere - Age Inferences on the typical scales of the solar interior r, P, T Solar mass Astronomy only deals with the extremely well determined Gaussian constant: GNMo 132 712 438 ± 5 1012 m3/s2 Astrophysics needs Mo, since: - opacity is determined by Ne ? Np ? Mo/mp ? 1057 - energy content/production of the star depends on Np. Cavendish by determining GN provided a measurement of Mo The poor accuracy on GN 0.15% reflects on Mo Mo 1.989 1 ± 0.15% 1033 gr ? 1057mp Solar Luminosity Derived from measurements of the solar constant Ko: the amount of energy per unit time and unit area, impinging from the Sun onto Earth. Not precisely a constant, it varies with time 0.1% in a solar cycle . The average over 12 years of solar irradiance and over different satellite radiometers multiplied by Sun Earth distance, gives the solar luminosity: Lo 4pd2Ko 3.844 1 ± 0.4% 1033 erg/s Lo 10 17 nuclear power plants Solar Radius The distance from the center of the sun to its visible surface the photosphere Difficult to define the edge of the sun Different methods and different experiments: Ro 6.9598 1± 0.04% 1010 cm Solar Age Method: radioactive dating of oldest objects in the solar system chondritic meteorites Problems: relationship between the age of the meteorite and the age of the sun what is the the zero time for the sun? The age of the sun referred to Zero Age Main Sequence t 4.57 1 ± 0.4% Gyr Solar Metal abundance Spectroscopic measurements of the solar photosphere yield the relative abundances in mass of “metals“ to H Z/X photo 0.0233 1 ± 6% Most abundant metals: O, C, N, Fe Results are generally consistent with the meteoritic abundances A remarkab