区域可持续发展的国际比较案例.ppt

The origins of the HDI are to be found in the United Nations Development Programmes (UNDP) Human Development Reports (HDRs). These were devised and launched by Pakistani Economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 The HDI has been used since 1990 by the United Nations Development Programme for its annual Human Development Reports. * * 区域可持续发展的国际比较 徐晓虹 副教授、硕士生导师 2014－2015年秋学期 * 文献研讨 题目： Measuring sustainable development --- Nation by nation Daniel D. Moran, Mathis Wackernagel, Justin A. Kitzes, Steven H. Goldfinger, Aurélien Boutaud Source: Ecological Economics 64(2008), 470-474 * * * * GHA/CAP The Ecological Footprint (EF) of a human population describes the total amount of biologically productive land and water area that the population requires to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb the waste it generates. It indicates the extent to which the ecological demand of human economies stays within or exceeds the capacity of the biosphere to supply goods and services. According to the Global Footprint Network (GFN) and WWFs Report Europe 2005: The Ecological Footprint, the footprint of the EU-25 equals 4.9 globally average hectares per person1 (gha/cap) to provide for their lifestyle which is 2.2 times as large as its own biological capacity. * * * * * 2010 WORLD MAP OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX * THREE DIMENSIONS IN HDI A long and healthy life Life expectancy at birth Access to knowledge Mean years of schooling and Expected years of schooling A decent standard of living GNI per capita (PPP US$) * HOW TO CALCULATE HDI? * LIST OF COUNTRIES BY HDI * Source: 2010 UN Development Report 挪威-1 挪威是欧洲的一个小国，由于其政府很早就重视环境保护和资源问题，使得这个国家成为世界上最富有和环境保护最好的国家之一。挪威政府虽然没有编制国家21世纪议程，但仍定期向可持续发展委员会(UNCSD)提交国家报告，并制定和履行《气候变化公约》和《生物多样性公约》的国家行动计划。挪威可持续发展战略的一个显著特点是在制定和实施可持续发展战略和相关政策时并没有把21世纪议程作为确切的框架，但事实上已经将其绝大部分内容纳入了国家的日常工作中。 * 挪威-2 1994年政府成立了绿色税收委员会(Green Tax Commission)。该委员会 1996年6月提交了一份名为《绿色税收——为了更好的环境和更高的就业率》 的报告，提出了一系列新增的环境税，同时还建议取消对环境起副作用的项目补贴。1972年设立的挪威环境部不仅负责传统意义上的自然保护和污染控制，还监督资源的开发利用