高考英語二轮语法复习学案.docVIP

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高考英語二轮语法复习学案

高考英语二轮语法复习学案(定语从句) (一)定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导 1、关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that, as 2、关系副词:when, where, why 关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首,主句先行词之后,起着连接先行词和从句的作用, 同时在从句中又充当句子成分。 e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.(关系代词who在从句中作主语) The comrade with whom I came knows French.(whom在从句中作介词with的宾语) 3、关系代词和关系副词的用法:1)当先行词为人时用who 作主语,whom作宾语;2)当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ,可作主语或宾语;3)先行词为人、物时用that ,可作主语或宾语;4)whose用作定语,可指人或物;5)关系副词when(指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,where(指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语),why(指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语)。 (二)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1、 限制性定语从句:从句与主句关系密切,去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合逻辑。 e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.(去掉定语从句,意思就不完整) 2、非限制性定语从句:从句对先行词关系不密切,去掉定从句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开,不能that用引导。e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.(who引导非限制性定语从句,整个句子可分成两句来翻译) (三)使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题 1、that与which的区别。 1)用that而不用 which的情况:①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …;②先行词有最高 级修饰,有序数词修饰;③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰;④先行词既有人又有物时。 e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。 2)用which而不用 that的情况:①引导非限制性定语从句;②代表整个主句的意思;③介词 + 关系代词。 e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格,这使他的父亲很生气。 This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。 3)as引导定语从句时的用法 ①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。 e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。 ②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型:as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。 e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样,他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。 3)as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别 ①当主句和从句语义一致时,用as; 反之,用which来引导非限制性定语从句。 e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected. He made a long sp

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