《国际经济与贸易教学讲义》chapter_10.pptVIP

Learning Objectives 1. To realize the perils and losses in ocean transportation; 2. To learn the coverage of the Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of CIC（中国保险条款）; 3. To learn the coverage of Institute Cargo Clause（协会货物条款）; 4. To understand the ways of stipulating insurance clause in Sales (or Purchase) Contract; 5. To understand the import and export insurance practice in China. §1. Perils and Losses in Ocean Transportation海洋运输中的风险和损失 Perils of the Sea（海上风险） Perils of the sea refer to risks which occur at sea,or at the place where the ocean and land,or the ocean and the inland river,or the ocean and the lighter are connected. 海上风险也称海难，是指海上航行中发生以及海上与陆上、内河或驳船相连接的地方所发生的自然灾害或意外事故。 Perils of the Sea（海上风险） Perils of the sea include: 1. Natural Calamity (自然灾害). Natural calamities are caused by the forces resulting from the changes of natures. E.g. bad weather, thunder and lightening, drift ice, earthquake, flood, tsunami, etc.自然灾害是指自然界的力量所造成的灾害，它一般是人力无法抗拒的。如恶劣气候、雷电、浮冰、地震、洪水、海啸等。 2. Fortuitous Accident (意外事故). The accident caused by external, haphazard, unexpected reason. E.g. Stranded, Grounded, Sunk, Capsized, Collision, Fire, Explosion, etc. 意外事故是指由于外来的、偶然的、非意料中的原因所造成的事故。如搁浅、触礁、沉没、倾覆、碰撞、失火、爆炸等。 Extraneous Risk（外来风险） Extraneous risks are the risks except sea risk.外来风险是指海上风险以外的其他外来原因的风险。 Extraneous risks must be accidental, occasional, hard to prevent, and caused by external reasons.外来风险必须是意外的、偶然的、难以预防的，而且必须是外部因素导致的。 Extraneous Risk（外来风险） Extraneous risks include: 1. General extraneous risks include theft, shortage, fresh or rain water damage, leakage, breakage, sweating and heating, intermixture and contamination, odour, hook damage, breakage of packing, rusting, etc. 一般外来风险是指一般外来的因数所致的损失，通常包括偷窃、短量、淡水雨淋、渗漏、破碎、受潮受热、混杂、沾污、串味、钩损、包装破裂和锈损风险等。 2. Special extraneous risks are often related to politics, military affairs, convulsions and international policy, laws, etc. E.g. war, strike, failure to deliver, rejection, seizure, etc. 特殊外来风险是指一般外来风险以外的其他外来因素所致的货物损失，它往往是与政治、