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350万吨/年大庆原油常压塔工艺计算 摘要 本次设计主要完成了处理能力为 350万吨/年的大庆原油常压塔的设计和计算，其次为塔板的工艺设计和计算。 在确定了主要和次要任务后，分别对常压塔和塔板进行设计和计算。常压塔的设计主要依据所给的原油实沸点蒸馏数据及产品的恩氏蒸馏数据，计算产品的各物性数据，找出切割点温度，确定原油的切割方案，计算产品收率。参考同类装置确定塔板数为 40层，进料在第 36 层板，侧线抽出位置分别为塔顶，假设各主要部分的操作温度及操作压力，对全塔进行热平衡计算，确定全塔回流热为 106 kJ/ h 。本次设计塔顶采用二级冷凝冷却回流，塔中采用两个中段循环回流，塔顶取热：第一中段回流取热：第二中段回流取热为5 ：2 ：3 ，最后校核各主要部位操作温度都在允许的误差范围内。 本次设计主要采用经验图表和经验公式进行计算，计算结果表明: 参数的核算结果均在误差允许范围内和经验值范围内。 关键词：大庆原油；常压塔；塔板；设计；温度 Abstract A atmospheric distillation column, which is able to treat crud oil 2MT a year, is designed mainly, and a type of tray and a atmospheric heater are secondary. The design of the atmospheric distillation column is based on the datum of true point distillation of the crude oil and of Engler distillation of the products. The calculation of products′ phsical property parameters and the cut comceptual and products′ yields are also based on the datum. The tray number is 40, the feed tray is 36, and the side stream withdrawal tray are the 1th,10th,20th,30th.And they are determined by referring to the same kind unit. The following work is to assume the operating temperature and pressure of all the important points of the column and to make the energy balance calculation for the whole column, and make sure heat of reflue is 94.74×106 kJ/ h. A two-grade condenser is used on the overhead of the column, and two mid-pump around on the body. The ratio of the energy taken by the condensers from top to bottom is 5:2:3. Finally, the temperature assumed should be checked up. It is very important. A type of F1 valve tray, which weighs 33g a valve, is be chosen. It′s maximum vapor load of the column is 2016.07 Kmol/h, and outside diamete is 4.8 m.The tray spacing 0.6 m. So the height of the column body is 24 m.In this section, the most important work is to calculate the hydromechanics performance and the operating flexibility of the tray is3.33. The tray should be operated in a proper area. A hollow cylindrical pipe furnace is chosen. In this section,