太陽能电池板最大功率跟踪技术的研究.docVIP

太阳能池板最大功率跟踪技术的研究 邱冠华 王洪跃 吴阳(沈阳工程学院,沈阳 110136)摘要:本文针对光伏发电技术中太阳能池板最大功率工作点展开研究，首先阐述了太阳能池板发电原理及建立数学模型进行了深入分析。针对太阳能池板输出特性及最大功率跟踪的方法，本文对比分析了传统的恒定电压法，扰动观察法和电导增量法，总结优缺点后提出了改进型变步长电导增量法。在距离最大功率点较远的时候，采用较大的步长，缩减追踪时间，在最大功率点附近时，步长减小，增大追踪精度。利用matlab仿真软件对传统和本文所提出的变步长电导增量法进行了仿真，仿真结果对比证明变步长增量法收敛速度快，效果良好。最后通过光伏发电并网试验系统进行了4.4kW太阳能池板最大功率跟踪技术实验，跟踪实验误差在3%，符合微电网技术要求。关键词：光伏发电；最大功率点跟踪；电导增量法；微电网 Qiu Guanhua Wang Hongyue Wu Yang (Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang, 110136)Abstract: In this paper, a study on photovoltaic solar cell technology maximum power point tracking(MPPT) is presented. First a deep analysis on generating principle of solar cell and a mathematical model is conducted, this paper compares analysis of the traditional method of constant voltage, perturb and observe algorithm and incremental conductance method. The summary of the advantages and disadvantages is an improved variable step size INC mothed is presented. When far from the maximum power point, using a larger step size, reducing the time tracking. When near the maximum power point, the step size is reduced, increasing the tracking accuracy. Matlab software is used for simulation of traditional method of constant voltage and the improved variable step size INC mothed. The simulation results that improved variable step size INC mothed proved fast convergence to good effect. Finally the experiment on MPPT of 4.4kW through photovoltaic power generation and network test system is carried on. The error of it is 3%. It is in line with the micro-grid technology requirements.Keywords:Photovoltaic power generation; Maximum power point tracking; Incremental conductance; Micro-grid1.光伏电池输出特性及建模太阳能池板的特性即利用半导体PN结的光电效应，利用光照产生电压差，从而将射线的热能转化为电能，这也是太阳能池板的工作原理。当外加光源提供稳定照射量时，池板产生电流Iph稳定，等效为稳定电流源。虚拟接入电阻R做为负载，由于电流的存在将产生电压降，也因此将在PN结上产生电流Id。为了模拟太阳能池板特性，模型添加电阻Rs和Rsh，来描述材料特性电阻，等效电路图如图1所示：图1 光伏电池数学模型图 XE 图2.4 光伏电池数学模型图 Fig.1 Mathematical model of Photovoltaic cells 由于太阳能电池板的发电环境受温度和光照影响较大，同时具有不确定性，因此电池板的特性曲线体现出非线性的特点，本文利用matla