LM3 Abstraction and Interface.pptx

Lecture 3CastingAbstract Classes and MethodsInterfacesObject Bicycle MountainBike RacingBikeCastingA class hierarchyQ: Mountainbike is a ? of bicycle?Q: what java keyword is used to do this hierarchy? Q:Does the Bicycle class use this keyword ?Casting and object typesWhen you create an object, it’s type is the class from which is was instantiated..e.g. ..myBike is a MountainBike (And it’s also is a Bicycle and an Object)(Why an object?)But, a Bicycle may be a MountainBike but not necessarily… (could be a RacingBike)MountainBike myBike = new MountainBike();Object Bicycle MountainBike RacingBikeCasting and object typesCasting allows the use of an object of one type in place of another type (down the hierarchy)Bicycle yourBike = new MountainBike();myBike = (MountainBike) yourBike;**OK**CastYou can check the type of an object..if (yourBike instanceof MountainBike) { // Cast MountainBike newBike = (MountainBike)yourBike; } CastingWhy are we looking at casting/object types?Because it’s used in GUI programmingUsed to check which GUI element was clicked etc… More later!Abstract ClassAn abstract class represents a generic concept e.g. Shape, Food, Fruit, …it encapsulates the features that all kinds of elements of the concept have, e.g. Shapes have area, circumferencethese features are implemented as abstract methods e.g. area(), circumference()abstract methods cannot have an implementation meaningless at the conceptual, generic levelAbstract ClassesAn abstract class or method is defined by the keyword abstractabstract class Shape { … abstract double area(); abstract double cicumference(); …};Any class with an abstract method is automatically abstract and must be declared as suchNote: no bodyAbstract ClassAn abstract class cannot be instantiatedA subclass of an abstract class can be instantiated only if it overrides each of the abstract methods of its superclass and provides an implementation for all of themthis subclass is known as a concrete classIf a subclass of an