chapter1-Introducer.ppt

计算机科学与工程系 计算机科学与工程系 Chapter 1 Introducer Research Content of DS Conceptions Terms What is a algorithm？ How to analyze algorithms？ 1.1 Research Content of DS 1）Steps to resolve problems using computer Analyze the problem Kind of problems numeric 总额为一元的硬币，问1,2,5分硬币各几枚？ no-numeric students select courses. “student” Table “course” Table “selection” Table eg：File System in OS 1.1 Research Content of DS 1) Data：Everything that computers could understand, it’s a symbol. Numeric：integer、real No-numeric：student info、sales order 2) Data Element：unit in data. Data ? set (collection). Element ? everyone in the set. 3) Data Item: unit in data element, it is the smallest unit consist in element（atomicity,原子性）. eg: student info ? sno，sex，name，age … 5) Data Type: Collection of values that having same attribute, and some operations can be put on them. Atomic Type：It’s can’t be divide any more. Structural Type：It’s can be divide into smaller type. 6) ADT(Abstract Data Types)：Defined by users, to describe the real problem’s Model and Operations on it. Notice: ADT just only described the Logistic Structure of itself, and Nothing about it’s Physic Structure. ADT=（D,S,P） D: Data Objects；S: Relations；P: Operations 本书抽象数据类型定义格式 ADT 抽象数据类型名 { 数据对象: 数据对象的定义 数据关系: 数据关系的定义 基本操作: 基本操作的定义 } 基本操作的定义： 操作名（参数表） 操作结果：操作结果描述 例 :整数的抽象数据类型（ADT）定义 ADT IntegerNumber { Objects: 一个整数的有序子集合。 Function: Boolean IsPositive (x) : if (x0) 返回True ; else 返回False IntegerNumber Add (x, y) : if (x+y=MaxInt) 返回 x+y; else 返回MaxInt IntegerNumber Subtract (x, y) : …… Boolean Equal (x, y) : if (x==y) 返回True； else 返回 False } ADT IntegerNumber 1.3 Algorithm 1) Definition An algorithm