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考研英语真阅读理解试题及名师解析14
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析14
英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(14)
The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide
carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve
dying patients of pain and suffering.
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to
physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the
medical principle of double effect, a centuries-old moral
principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that
is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if
the actor intends only the good effect.
Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify
using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients
pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the
patient.
Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends
that the principle will shield doctors who until now have very,
very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient
mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death.
George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston
University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug
for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing
illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. Its
like surgery, he says. We dont call those deaths homicides
because the doctors didnt intend to kill their patients, although
they risked their death. If youre a physician, you can risk your
patients suicide as long as you dont intend their suicide.
On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge
that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the
despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the
physical agony of dying.
Just three weeks before the Courts ruling on
physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS)
released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at
the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the
aggressive use of ineffectual an
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