山东省济宁市任城区石桥学2014中考英语 被动语态讲解与练习.docVIP

被动语态讲解与练习 一、被动语态概述：、语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给“让”等词来表示被动意义。 He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态） The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 　（3）将主动语态的主语改为by…放在谓语动词后。 　注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 　He sang a song. → A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 　 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 　Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 　We were told the truth by Jack. 　The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 六、各种时态的被动语态结构和用法举例（以动词do为例） 　1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done） 　English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。 　Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。 　The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 　2．一般过去时(was/ were +done) 　The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。 　He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。 　My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。 　3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) 　A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。 　A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。 　I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 　4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done) 　The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。 　The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。 　A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。 　5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done) 　Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。 　The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。 　 。主动语态变为被动的几个特殊情况 有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把省略的to加上，这类动词有 [let, make, have,]和感官动词[feel,see,hear,watch,look at, listen to]，如：The boss made my grandfather work 10 hours a day.改成 My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day. 　 Ⅰ.把下列主动语态改为被动语态: We often use a recorder in our English class. When did they build the house? I saw the boy enter the room. We often see him help his classmate. You must turn o