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Chapter 3 Data Types, Variables, and Arrays 第3章 数据类型、变量、数组 本This chapter examines three of Java’s most fundamental elements: data types, variables, and arrays. As with all modern programming languages, Java supports several types of data. You may use these types to declare variables and to create arrays. As you will see, Java’s approach to these items is clean, efficient, and cohesive. 这章分析Java语言中3个最基本的元素:数据类型，变量和数组。就像所有的现代编程语言一样，Java支持多种数据类型。你可以使用这些类型声明变量或创建数组。你将看到，Java对这些项目的处理方法是清楚、有效且连贯的。 Java Is a Strongly Typed Language 3.1 Java语言是强类型语言语言 It is important to state at the outset that Java is a strongly typed language. Indeed, part of Java’s safety and robustness comes from this fact. Let’s see what this means. First, every variable has a type, every expression has a type, and every type is strictly defined. Second, all assignments, whether explicit or via parameter passing in method calls, are checked for type compatibility. There are no automatic coercions or conversions of conflicting types as in some languages. The Java compiler checks all expressions and parameters to ensure that the types are compatible. Any type mismatches are errors that must be corrected before the compiler will finish compiling the class. 首先我们要声明Java语言强类型语言的重要性说明Java 语言对数据类型要求严格的重要性PAGE \# 页：# 首先我们要声明XXXX的重要性。确实，Java的安全和健壮性部分来自于它是该类型语言这一事实。让我们看这意味着什么。首先，每个变量有类型，每个表达式有类型，而且每种类型是严格定义的。其次，所有的数值传递，不管是直接的还是通过方法调用经由参数传过去的都要先进行类型相容性的检查。有些语言没有自动强迫进行PAGE \# 页：# 数据类型相容性的检查或对冲突的类型进行变换 PAGE \# 页：# 首先我们要声明XXXX的重要性 PAGE \# 页：# If you come from a C or C++ background, keep in mind that Java is more strictly typed than either language. For example, in C/C++ you can assign a floating-point value to an integer. In Java, you cannot. Also, in C there is not necessarily strong type-checking between a parameter and an argument. In Java, there is. You might find Java’s strong type-checking a bit tedious at first. But remember, in the long run it will help reduce the possibility of errors i