田纳西·威廉斯作品中同性恋元素概念.doc

摘 要田纳西·威廉斯，被《今日美国》盛誉为“美国最炙手可热的剧作家”，因“为心呐喊”声名鹊起，可与“悲剧剧作家”尤金·奥尼尔和“戏剧界的良心”阿瑟·密勒相媲美。作为一个饱受社会折磨的同性恋，威廉斯从未将同性恋元素从他作品中脱离。然而，他作品中的同性恋元素在研究时要么被刻意绕开，要么被轻视。为了弥补这个遗憾，本篇论文试图深究其最为成功的三部作品《玻璃动物园》，《欲望号街车》和《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》中的同性恋元素，从隐藏在壁橱中的同性恋汤姆，到导致整个悲剧的同性恋艾伦，再到找不到出路的焦虑的同性恋布莱克。 本篇论文可分为五个部分：简介，三个章节和总结。简介部分给出了威廉斯和他最成功三部作品的大致轮廓。第一章节揭开《玻璃动物园》中的层层迷纱，将作者意图表达的真相---汤姆的同性恋展示给读者。第二章节强调《欲望号街车》中同性恋人物艾伦的重要性，这个威廉斯创造的第一个公开的同性恋却是一直被忽视的角色。第三章节详细解读《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》中同性恋角色布莱克。总结部分揭示威廉斯作品中同性恋元素的重要性，在麦卡锡及众议院非美活动调查委员会层层压力下，威廉斯通过他柔化同性恋元素的高超写作手法将同性恋融入他的作品，发出呐喊，他所要表达的绝不仅仅是为了某个特定的人。关键词： 同性恋； 田纳西·威廉斯； 《玻璃动物园》； 《欲望号街车》； 《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》Abstract Tennessee Williams, “the hottest playwright in America” according to USA Today (October 22, 2003), emerges as “the poet of the heart”, comparable with Eugene O’Neil as “the tragic dramatist” and Arthur Miller as “the theatrician of the ethical” (Roudane, 2000: 1 ). Being a homosexual, grilled and tortured quite a lot by the society, Williams never separates homosexuality from his works. However, the homosexuality in his works is either detoured or undervalued. To make up for this pity, this thesis attempts to delve into the homosexuality in the “big three” of his oeuvres: The Glass Menagerie (1945), A Streetcar Named Desire (1947) and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955), from the unexposed gay Tom hiding in the closet, the fugitive gay Allan leading to the tragedy, to the panic gay Brick finding no way out. This thesis can be divided into five parts: the introduction, three chapters and the conclusion. The introduction offers a rough sketch of Williams and the “big three”. Chapter one intends to unveil “truth” from “illusion” in The Glass Menagerie. By digging into the coded homosexual subtexts, chapter one ventures to decode Tom’s potential homosexuality, the hidden and disguised truth. Chapter two attempts to shed light on Allan in A Streetcar Named Desire, the first overt homosexual Williams creates but long ignored by most critics. Chapter three tries to elaborate on the struggling gay Brick