人体工程学实验方法.ppt

人体工程学试验的基本概念 实验：在概念上，有联系的词比无联系的词被辨认出的速度快。 前提：加工时间如果存在10%的差异，那么差异就确实存在。 结论：1、存在“语义启动效应”（正向词对） 2、相关性越高效应越大 3、第一个成分为非词时，判定快。 表明：当认知系统提取一个词汇项目时，会促使与之具有语义或概念上相关的词汇项目也具有较高的激发状态。 试验设计的基本概念 被试 (随机组） 随机数：11339 19233 50911 14209 39594 68368 随机组：11 33 91 92 33 50 91 11 42 09 被试： A B C D E F …… 11 9 23 27 15 被试（匹配组） 被试（重复组）same subject group 数理统计方法 How are result reported Averages Frequencies How many conditions How many conditions How were subjects assigned How were subjects assigned How were subjects assigned How were subjects assigned Randomly Randomly Randomly Randomly Matched Matched Matched Same subjects Same subjects Same subjects Same subjects T-method (a) T – method (b) or B- method T – method (b) or B- method or F – method F – method (A) B- method or F – method Chi - square B – method or Chi - square B – method or Chi - square Chi - square B – method B – method 组间设计：就是把数目相同的被试分配到自变量的不同水平或不同自变量上； 组内设计：就是使每个被试轮流分配到自变量的不同水平或不同的自变量上。 问卷研究 问卷设计： 1、exploration: what sorts of things upset you most these days? 2、description: a precise measurement of certain phenomena. party preference, racial prejudice, divorce 3、causal explanation: A -- B 4、hypothesis testing: most often it is expressed in the form of a proposition stating a causal relationship. 5、evaluation: be defined as the assessment of the process and/or consequences of deliberate and planned interventions. 6、predication: to provide basis for predictions about future event or situation. 7、developing social indicators: an indicator must be a “social significant” measure * *