4 名词 ouns.ppt

English Grammar The Nouns Classification Features Usage Agreement between S. and V. Practice classification of nouns Based on meaning 词义 countability 可数性 morphological structure 形态结构 based on meanings proper noun common noun individual noun collective noun material noun abstract noun based on countability countable noun uncountable noun based on morphological structure simple noun 简单名词 compound noun 合成名词 derivative noun 派生名词 ﹡glass → a glass; iron → an iron; paper → a paper; ﹡youth → a youth; necessity → a necessity; beauty → a beauty; democracy → a democracy ＊bread; news; paper; chalk a poem poetry a machine machinery a garment clothing a job work a laugh laughter a permit permission features 性 (gender) 数 (number) 格 (case) gender 阳性--masculine 阴性—feminine 中性—neuter ﹡boyfriend; girlfriend; woman doctor; man writer; ﹡he-goat; she-wolf; ﹡male elephant; female monkey; -ine -ess -ette hero heroine prince princess host hostess steward stewardess usher usherette -man -woman policeman policewoman chairman chairwoman spokesman spokeswoman statesman stateswoman number 单数—singular number 单数形式—singular form 复数—plural number 复数形式—plural form plural form regular irregular compound nouns 1 books; pens; desks 2 classes; boxes; inches bushes; [stomach] 3 family, factory, city, country 4 leaf, life, shelf, wife, thief, half, knife, wolf, loaf, self ﹡roof, cliff, proof, chief, gulf, belief, serf, brief, safe, grief ﹡scarf, handkerchief, hoof, dwarf, wharf 5 heroes, Negroes, potatoes, tomatoes, echoes, vetoes, dominoes, torpedoes ﹡bamboos; radios; studios; cuckoos; folios; zoos embryos; kangaroos; ﹡photos, solos, pian