XRD--残余应力测试.pptVIP

Choice of X-Ray Tube(2) Sample Fluorescence If the K-?1 component of the incident X-ray beam causes the sample emit its own fluorescent X-rays, DO NOT USE IT X-ray penetration depth will be very small 5 microns ? NOT representative of the bulk Peak to background ratio will be terrible May damage sensitive detectors Choice of X-Ray Tube(3) Choice of Crystallographic Plane For accurate comparison with other peoples data CHECK which planes have been used historically!! Measurements made on planes with different Miller {hkl} indices are not usually comparable. If the sample is textured (preferred orientation) select a set of planes with a high multiplicity Choice of Measurement Conditions: Summary Ask someone who has experience with that particular material Don’t re-invent the wheel Choose radiation type carefully Avoid X-ray tubes which cause K ?-1 fluorescence Lot’s of “tricks of the trade” see the NPL Good Practice Guide for Residual Stress Measurements using the sin2? Method Data CollectionPositioning the Sample Sample must be centre of rotation of the goniometer, most instruments have depth gauge or a pointer Be careful that the sample is as flat as possible, bent samples will give artificial shear stresses For curved and uneven samples restrict the irradiated area Hoop direction, Spot size R/4, where R= radius of curvature Axial direction, Spot size R/2 Data Collection Make sure that you collect data over a sufficient 2? range! Include the background on both sides of the peak. Can be difficult as inelastic is usually present this causes peak broadening. Peaks can be up to 10? 2? Count for a sufficient time to ensure adequate statistics, need 1000 count at the top of the peak if possible Data Processing ALWAYS CHECK THIS STAGE Need a program with good graphics Stages in the data processing Background stripping K-?2 stripping (only if K-?2 peak is visible) Lorentz Polarisation Correction Peak fitting to locate maximum Critical Stage, check the r