免疫抑制剂整理.docVIP

类风湿性关节炎药物选择 （网上搜集，感谢同行） 类风湿关节炎的常用药物分为四大类即非甾类抗炎药、抗风湿药DMARDs）、糖皮质激素和植物药。NSAIDs和糖皮质激素可以减轻症状，但关节炎症和破坏仍可发生或进展。 类风湿关节炎患者一经诊断即开始DMARDs治疗。推荐首选常用的如甲氨蝶呤（MTX）、柳氮磺吡啶、羟氯喹。视病情可单用也可采用两种或两种以上的DMARDs联合治疗。一般对单用一种DMARDs疗效不好，或进展性、预后不良和难治性类风湿关节炎患者可采用机理不同的DMARDs联合治疗。联合用药时，其不良反应不一定比单一用药多。联合用药时，可适当减少其中每种药物的剂量，如MTX可选用7.5mg25mg/周和柳氮磺吡啶1.0~3.0g/日。目前常用的联合方案有：① MTX+柳氮磺吡啶；② MTX+羟氯喹（或氯喹）；③ MTX+青霉胺；④ MTX+金诺芬；⑤ MTX+硫唑嘌呤；⑥柳氮磺吡啶+羟氯喹．国内还可采用MTX和植物药(如雷公藤、青藤碱和白芍总甙)联合治疗。如患者对MTX不能耐受，可改用来氟米特或其他DMARDs。 ⑴ NSAIDs 通过抑制环氧化合酶活性，减少前列腺素合成而具有抗炎、止痛、退热、消肿作用。由于NSAIDs使前列腺素的合成减少，故可出现相应的不良反应，如胃肠道不良反应：恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、腹胀、食欲不佳，严重者有消化道溃疡、出血、穿孔等；肾脏不良反应：肾灌注量减少，出现水钠潴留、高血钾、血尿、蛋白尿、间质性肾炎，严重者发生肾坏死致肾功能不全。NSAIDs还可引起外周血细胞减少、凝血障碍、再生障碍性贫血、肝功损害等，少数患者发生过敏反应（皮疹、哮喘），以及耳鸣、听力下降，无菌性脑膜炎等。应强调，NSAIDs虽能减轻类风湿关节炎的症状，但不能改变病程和预防关节破坏,故必须与DMARDs联合应用。 肾病综合征患者常用免疫抑制剂 主要是破坏DNA的结构，（骁悉） Measures for the routine management of moral education in Middle SchoolsMethod of conventional management of moral education in middle schoolFirst, the guiding ideology:School moral education is an organic whole of the whole education work, always adhere to the school adhere to the moral education, education for this product, and actively promote the quality education, the school building efficient curriculum system of moral education, moral education, improve the sense of attraction and appeal, enhance the moral education work for through and timeliness. Teach everyone, service education and management education, and school moral education work must be with family education and community education closely together, to form a concerted pattern, and strive to create a good atmosphere for education, and to promote the all-round development of students, to establish a scientific moral education full of vigor the For long-term mechanism.Two, the goal of moral education:To guide the students to form the correct world outlook, outlook on life, values, to cultivate students unity and mutual assistance, honest and trustworthy, law-abiding, good quality, hard work, s