Rule-based expert systems基于规则的专家系统.PPTVIP

* Dialogue What sort of environment is a trainee dealing with on the job! = machines Rule: 3 if the environment is machines or the environment is buildings or the environment is tools then the stimulus_situation is physical object * In what way is a trainee expected to act or respond on the job? = repairing Rule: 6 if the job is building or the job is repairing or the job is troubleshooting then the stimulus_response is hands-on * Is feedback on the trainees progress required during training? = required Rule: 9 if the stimulus_situation is physical object and the stimulus_response is hands-on and feedback is required then medium is workshop medium is workshop * Inference techniques The standard inference technique in Leonardo is backward chaining with opportunistic forward chaining, which is the most efficient way to deal with the available information. * * Let us first rewrite our rules in the following form: Rule l: YD ?Z Rule 2: XBE?Y Rule 3: A ? X * Let us also add two more rules: Rule 4: C ? L Rule 5: L M?N * Forward chaining is the data-driven reasoning. The reasoning starts from the known data and proceeds forward with that data. * Each time only the topmost rule is executed. When fired, the rule adds a new fact in the database. Any rule can be executed only once. The match-fire cycle stops when no further rules can refired. * * Backward chaining Backward chaining is the goal-driven reasoning. In backward chaining, an expert system has the goal (a hypothetical solution) and the inference engine attempts to find the evidence to prove it. * First, the knowledge base is searched to find rules that might have the desired solution. Such rules must have the goal in their THEN (action) parts. * If such a rule is found and its IF (condition) part matches data in the database, then the rule is fired and the goal is proved. * However, this is rarely the case. Thus the i