技术壁垒对我国出口竞争力的影响及对策..doc

目录 中文摘要 1 ABSTRACT 2 引言 1 一、技术壁垒的含义及特点 1 （一）技术壁垒的含义 1 （二）技术壁垒的特点 4 二、我国遭遇技术壁垒的现状 5 （一）机电产品 5 （二）农产品和食品 6 （三）纺织品产品 6 （四）医药化学产品 6 三、技术壁垒对我国出口竞争力的影响 7 （一）对市场准入的影响 7 （二）对产品竞争力的影响 8 四、我国出口产品屡屡遭受技术壁垒限制的原因 9 （一）内因 9 （二）外因 10 五、我国的应对之策 11 （一）政府层面的应对措施 11 （二）企业层面的应对措施 13 （三）行业协会层面的应对措施 14 结束语 15 参考文献 16 谢辞 17 注释 18  中文摘要 随着经济全球化、贸易自由化的进程加快，发达国家利用技术优势，以维护国家或地区整体安全、保障人类或动植物安全和保护环境等理由，不断采取以技术法规、技术标准、认证制度和检疫制度为主要内容的技术壁垒，提高市场技术门槛，对我国大批产品出口形成阻碍，使我国受限的出口产品逐渐退出甚至完全退出设限国市场。技术壁垒对于我国的外贸出口，对于国民经济发展，甚至国家经济安全都产生了一定的影响，必须给予高度关注。努力寻找切实可行的应对之策也成为当前亟待解决的问题。文章通过具体实例引出了这一现实严肃的问题，介绍了我国遭遇技术壁垒的现状，并分析了技术贸易壁垒的内容、特点和对我国出口竞争力的影响，研究了技术壁垒影响我国出口的原因，从政府、企业和行业协会三个层面提出了应对国外技术壁垒的政策措施。 关键词：技术壁垒 国际贸易 竞争力 标准化战略  THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNICAL BARRIERS ON OUR EXPORT TRADE COMPETITION AND OUR COUNTERMEASURES ABSTRACT With the acceleration of the process of economic globalization and trade liberalization, developed countries taking their advantage of technology, continue to take technical barriers with main contents of technical regulations, technical standards, authentication and quarantine system, to increase market technology threshold, for the reason to preserve countries or regions security and to protect human, animal, plant and environment security. Many export products of China are gradually restricted even absolutely rejected from these countries. Since technical barriers have a certain impact on Chinas exports, economic development even the countrys economic security, we must pay close attention and make great efforts to find an effective solution. The article has listed specific facts to draw forth the serious problem, and introduced the situation, and analyzed the content, characteristic of the Technical Barrier to Trade and the influence to our country export. It also has studied the reason why the Technical Barrier to trade influences our country to export, and put forward the policies and measures to the Technical Barrier to Trade of foreign countries in three aspects (from the govern