生态学的英文专术语.pptVIP

Introduction to Ecology Organism An individual living thing Species A group of the same organisms that are able to breed and produce fertile organisms. Organism  Ecology The study of organisms and their interrelationships with their environment (biotic and abiotic) upon which determine distribution and abundance of organisms. Habitat A place where an organism lives or can be found. Ecosystem An interacting system that consists of groups of organisms and their non-living environment with in a boundary. Two parts of an EcosystemBiotic and Abiotic Biotic – factors that are or were alive/living in an ecosystem. Examples: animals, plants, insects, bacteria, fungi, and dead organisms. Abiotic Factors in an environment that are not or never were alive. Examples: rock island, gases, water, sun, minerals and temperature. Climate Definition? The overriding factor that determines the general nature of an ecosystem. If the climate is always hot and dry, the soil will be sandy. The plants, animals and other life will be specially adapted for survival in a desert. Climate cont. If the climate is hot and moist, then there will be many trees, characteristic of a Rainforest. Some animals and insects will be adapted for living in trees. They are called arboreal and include monkeys and spiders. Levels of Biological Organization It is important to remember that all parts of an ecosystem are interrelated. Each part is affected by all other parts. If we remove one species from an ecosystem, there could be severe consequences for that ecosystem. Cont. If we remove all the spiders from a given ecosystem, the insect population will grow rapidly and destroy forest and crops. Who do you think would benefit? What would happen to their population? Who would be affected then? Levels of Organization Ecologists tend to label groups of organisms. Let’s look at a familiar setting for example: Your house is part of a town, this is part of a state, which is part of a count