2.6.3 error control.ppt

Page * * 2.6 Basic Network Mechanisms Chapter 2 Network services and Layered Architectures Multiplexing Switching Error control Flow control Congestion control Resource allocation 2.6 Basic Network Mechanism 2.6.3 Error Control To control errors, a transmission link can use two methods: Error detection. 检错 and Error correction. 纠错 Parity bit Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Error Correction With Replication Method Alternating Bit Protocol (ABP) Go Back N Selective Repeat Protocol (SRP) 2.6 Basic Network Mechanisms Parity bit 奇偶校验位： A simple error-detection method The transmitter appends a 1 or 0 to the packet it transmits so that the resulting string (packet + parity bit) contains a number of 1s that has an agreed parity, say odd. For instance. If the original packet is 0100100, then the transmitter appends a 1 and transmits the resulting string If the receiver gets the string then it knows that the transmission modified at least one bit. The method is not very reliable for long packets: it is not unlikely that transmission errors modify 2 or 4 bits in long packets. 2.6.3 Error Control 2.6.3 Error Control Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) 循环冗余校验 A binary word G 二进制字 forms the basis of the CRC calculation. Denote by r+1 the number of bits of G. By performing a long division 长除法, an electronic circuit in the transmitter calculates the remainder 余数 R of the division of by G. Assume that we want to transmit a packet that consists of the finite string of bits P. We denote by the binary word obtained by appending r 0s to the right of the packet P. This long division is calculated by performing the additions of the binary words bit by bit modulo 2 and without carry. Additions of the binary words bit by bit modulo 2 and without carry 二进制模2加法不进位. 2.6.3 Error Control 10011 + 01011 = 11000. 2.6.3 Error Control The binary word R is the CRC code that the transm