新视角,新解释.docVIP

新视角，新解释 理解和翻译不能拘泥于表面形式，对于语法规则应该活学活用，甚至于在特定的语境采用新视角，予以新解释。这里先以英语非限定动词主谓关系短语为例加以说明。问题的起因是网上曾经有人求解下面的句子： People would love to be able to support that guy. His job, in a way, is to let them, in part by not being just another operative, plaything, or grievance-monger of the left-liberal establishment and left-liberal thinking. By standing, in fact, for real change. (人们会乐意，能支持那个家伙。他的工作，一方面是要让人们支持，在一定程度上，所依靠的，他不只是左翼自由主义机构和左翼自由主义思想的另一个操作者、所玩弄者，或兜售不满情绪的人，而实际上靠的是提倡现实改革。) 句中by后的非限定动词短语，实质是未出现行为主体的主谓关系短语，比较： His job is to let them support him by the way that he is not just another operative…but he stands for real change. 非限定动词短语相当于句子的这种用法，在各种文体的文章中均屡见不鲜，如小说中： 1.…Barney hates anyone knowing his business. (巴尔尼嫌恶任何人知道（打听）他的事业。) 比较 He hates it when anyone knows his business. 2. They heard him urging her from time to time. (他们听说，他时而怂恿她。) 比较 They’ heard that he often urges her. 3. Could you imagine us working in that school, bringing up that little tinker’s baby.（你能想象到我们在那样的学校里工作, 抚养那小修铁匠的孩子的情形。） 比较 Could you imagine how are we working in that school… 4. Well, do you see me getting married? （那么，你发觉我已婚了？） 比较 Well, do you see that I got married? 5. She considered the money well spent. （她考虑钱要花的得当/要好好花钱。） 比较 She considered that she should spend the money well. / …the money should be well spent. 6. Imagine his family being held up to anyone as an example of domestic bliss! (可想而知，他的家庭展示给大家的是家庭无上幸福的典范。) 比较 Imagine what is his family held up to anyone as an example… 7. It’s extraordinary, Rosemary being so famous.（洛斯玛丽如此著名，非同一般。） 比较 It’s extraordinary that Rosemary is so famous. 按照英语传统语法，此种情况属于分词短语用作宾语补足语。要正确理解和翻译，仅知道是补足语还不够，必须进一步了解分词与宾语之间的逻辑关系。作为宾语的名词或代词与作为补足语的现在分词之间系潜在的主体与行为的关系，相当于主谓关系。如果是过去分词，与宾语的关系则是行为与客体的关系，相当于动宾关系，或则说被动主谓关系。这两种情况，不必细分宾语和补足语，不妨视为主谓结构或主谓关系短语作宾语，汉语语法称为复合宾语，通过句型转换，两相比较看得一清二楚。 如果分词短语独自作宾语，前无名词或代词，其行为主体或者逻辑主语与句子的主语同一。例如 8. He hated being in the office and loved being out with clients. (他不愿呆在办公室，爱陪同